wine 1 |wʌɪn|
noun [ mass noun ]
an alcoholic drink made from fermented grape juice: he opened a bottle of red wine | [ count noun ] : the regional foods and wines of France.
• [ with modifier ] an alcoholic drink made from the fermented juice of specified other fruits or plants: a glass of elderflower wine.
I chose to pick Wine as my main choice, as the packaging of it is one of my favourite areas within graphic design and like many I enjoy a glass or two.
I started my research by looking into the History of Wine.
History:
The English word "wine" comes from the Proto-Germanic *winam, an early borrowing from the Latin vinum, "wine" or "(grape) vine".
Little is actually known of the early history of wine. It is plausible that early foragers and farmers made alcoholic beverages from wild fruits, including grapes of the species Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, ancestor to modern wine grapes. This would have become easier following the development of pottery vessels in the later Neolithic of the Near Easr about 11,000 BCE.
Wine in Moderation
Wine has evolved as part of European life, culture and diet since time immemorial. Wine making emerged in Europe with the expansion of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean, when many major wine producing regions that still exist today were established. Even then wine making was a precise husbandry that fostered the development of different grape varieties and cultivation techniques. Barrels for storing and shipping emerged, bottles were used for the first time, and even a rudimentary appellation system developed as certain regions gained a reputation for fine wine. As wine production became progressively refined, its popularity increased, and wine taverns became a common feature in cities throughout the Empire.
The culture of wine in Europe predates the Romans: in ancient Greece, wine was praised by poets, historians and artists, and was frequently referred to in the works of Aesop and Homer. In Greece, however, wine was considered the privilege of the upper classes. Dionysus, the Greek god of wine, represented not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its social and beneficial influences. He was viewed as the promoter of civilization, a lawgiver, and lover of peace — as well as the patron deity of agriculture and the theatre. Indeed, according to ancient Greek historian Thucydides, “the peoples of the Mediterranean began to emerge from barbarism when they learnt to cultivate the olive and the vine”.
With the passing of the centuries, the art of wine making spread to France, Spain, Germany and parts of Britain. By this time, wine was considered an important part of daily diet and people began to favour stronger, heavier wines. European appreciation of wine endured throughout the Dark Ages. Partly because drinking water was still unreliable, wine was the preferred alternative to accompany meals. At the same time, viticulture and viniculture advanced thanks to the husbandry of Church monasteries across the continent, which gave rise to some of the finest vineyards in Europe. The Benedictine monks, for example, became one of Europe’s largest wine producers with vineyards in France’s Champagne, Burgundy, and Bordeaux regions, as well as in the Rheingau and Franconia regions of Germany. The merchant and noble classes had wine with every meal and maintained well-stocked cellars.
During the 16th century wine became appreciated as a more sophisticated alternative to beer and as wine products began to diversify, consumers began to value the concept of varying their drinking habits. People began to discuss the virtues and vices of wine with greater gusto than in previous centuries. Elizabethan England’s celebrated bard Shakespeare remarked that “good wine is a good familiar creature if it be well used”, implicitly commenting on the misuse of wine at this time. The Shakespearian era saw the availability of fresh drinking water in London, a breakthrough that moved the wine industry into a new age.
Improved production techniques in the 17th and 18th centuries resulted in the emergence of finer qualities of wine, glass bottles with corks began to be used, and the corkscrew was invented. The French wine industry took off at this point, with particular recognition being given to the clarets of the Bordeaux region by merchants from the Low Countries, Germany, Ireland and Scandinavia. Bordeaux traded wine for coffee and other sought-after items from the New World, helping to cement the role of wine in emerging world trade.
While the 19th century is considered the golden age of wine for many regions, it was not without tragedy. Around 1863 many French vines suffered from a disease caused by the Phylloxera aphid, which sucked the juice out of the roots. When it was discovered that vines in America were resistant to Phylloxera it was decided to plant American vines in affected French regions. This created hybrid grapes that produced a greater variety of wines. Also at this time French winemakers moved to the Rioja region in northern Spain and taught the Spanish people to make wine from local grapes.
Over the last 150 years wine making has been totally revolutionised as an art and science. With access to refrigeration it has become easy for wineries to control the temperature of the fermentation process and produce high quality wines in hot climates. The introduction of harvesting machines has allowed vineyards to become larger and more efficient. Although the wine industry faces the challenge of meeting the demands of an ever-larger market without losing the individual character of its wines, technology helps to ensure a consistent supply of quality wines. Modern wine appreciation pays homage to the timeless art of wine making and demonstrates the importance of wine in the history and diversity of European culture.
16th Century Wine Press
Pressing Wine after the Harvest - 14th Century
Wine Boy at a Symposium
Video on the History of Wine
I learnt that the chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water or other nutrients - the yeast converts the sugars and converts them into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
I didn't realise there is very little added to wine in terms of nutrients to make it taste the way it does.
GRAPE VARIETIES:
Wine is usually made from one or more varieties of the European species, such as Pinot noir, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay and Merlot. When one of these varieties is used as the predominant grape (usually defined by law as minimums of 75% to 85%), the result is a "varietal" as opposed to a "blended" wine. Blended wines are not considered inferior to varietal wines, rather they are a different style of winemaking; some of the world's most highly regarded wines, from regions like Bordeaux and the Rhone Valley, are blended from different grape varieties.
Wine can also be made from other species of grape or from hybrids, created by the genetic crossing of two species. North American grapes usually grown to eat fresh or for grape juice, jam, or jelly, and only occasionally made into wine.
Hybridisation is different from grafting. Most of the world's vineyards are planted with European vines that have been grafted onto North American species' rootstock, a common practice due to their resistance to phylloxera, a root louse that eventually kills the vine. In the late 19th century, most of Europe's vineyards (excluding some of the driest in the south) were devastated by the infestation, leading to widespread vine deaths and eventual replanting. Grafting is done in every wine-producing region in the world except in Argentina the Canary Islands and Chile—the only places not yet exposed to the insect.
In the context of wine production, terrior is a concept that encompasses the varieties of grapes used, elevation and shape of the vineyard, type and chemistry of soil, climate and seasonal conditions, and the local yeast cultures. The range of possible combinations of these factors can result in great differences among wines, influencing the fermentation, finishing, and ageing processes as well.
Many wineries use growing and production methods that preserve or accentuate the aroma and taste influences of their unique terroir. However, flavour differences are less desirable for producers of mass-market table wine or other cheaper wines, where consistency takes precedence. Such producers try to minimise differences in sources of grapes through production techniques such as micro-oxygenation tannin filtration, cross-flow filtration, thin-film evaporation, and spinning cones.
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WINE TERMINOLOGY
- I found this website with hundreds of words related to wine, most of which I have never heard before. This was really interesting.
I found a load of different websites dedicated to a certain country or area and the wine produced there:
American Wineries
Wines of Argentina
Wines of Australia
Austrian Wines
Wines of Canada
French Wine
Wines of New Zealand
Portugal Wines
Most of these websites contain an extensive amount of information about the wines that are produced in their area and have events, facts and figures and history of their wine on their websites.
It shows how vast the production of wine is, and how high in demand the globe is for wine. It is an alcohol beverage drunk all over the world, making multi-billions.
Quantity and Profit / Facts and Figures:
There are now over 400 vineyards in the UK producing around 2.5m bottles of wine each year.
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- I found this website with hundreds of words related to wine, most of which I have never heard before. This was really interesting.
I found a load of different websites dedicated to a certain country or area and the wine produced there:
American Wineries
Wines of Argentina
Wines of Australia
Austrian Wines
Wines of Canada
French Wine
Wines of New Zealand
Portugal Wines
Most of these websites contain an extensive amount of information about the wines that are produced in their area and have events, facts and figures and history of their wine on their websites.
It shows how vast the production of wine is, and how high in demand the globe is for wine. It is an alcohol beverage drunk all over the world, making multi-billions.
Quantity and Profit / Facts and Figures:
There are now over 400 vineyards in the UK producing around 2.5m bottles of wine each year.
How much wine is in a bottle?
Generally a bottle of wine measures
the liquid in milliliters, with 750 ml being the standard amount in most
bottles (or about 25 fluid ounces).
How many grapes does it take to make your
average bottle of wine?
It takes about 2 ½
pounds of grapes to make a bottle of wine.
How many bottles of wine does it take to
make create a case of wine?
12
How many gallons of wine are produced from
one acre of grapevines?
About 800
Where does the vanilla flavor in wine come
from?
If
newer oak barrels were used in the winemaking process, the wines will often
have a hint of vanilla in both the aroma and flavor.
When was the corkscrew designed?
Mid-1800’s.
How many varieties of wine grapes exist in
the world today?
Over 10,000
How many gallons of wine does California
produce annually?
Over 17 million
gallons
How many calories are in a four ounce glass
of red wine
Approximately 85
How many gallons of wine are in a single
barrel?
60
How many grapevines generally make up an
acre?
400
Years before most wine vines produce wine-worthy grapes: 3.
Years before wine vine hits its stride: 5.
Years of top production for wine vine: 30-35, but quality intensifies for a century or more as productivity decreases.
Number of grape clusters on a vine: 40.
Number of grapes in a cluster: 75-100.
Number of grapes needed to make one 750 mL bottle of wine: 500-800.
Number of grape clusters in a 750 mL bottle: 5-8.
Number of bottles made from one vine: 5-8.
Calories in 5-ounce glass of dry wine: 100-125.
Calories in 750 mL bottle of dry wine: 500-625.
Calories in 5-ounce glass of sweet desert wine: 150-180.
Calories in 12-ounce bottle of regular beer: 150.
Calories in 2.5 ounces of coffee liqueur (Kahlua): 260.
Cases (12 bottles) of wine produced annually in Napa County: more than 9 million.
Cases of wine produced annually in Texas: 1.2 million.
Acres of wine grapes in Napa County: around 43,000.
Acres of wine grapes in Texas: around 2,700.
Percentage of acres in Napa County planted in wine grapes: 9 percent.
Percent of California wine made in Napa: 4 percent.
Biggest crop in Napa before wine grapes: prunes.
This website shows the facts and figures of Bordeaux Wine (One of the best quality wines)
RANDOM FACTS:
Oenophobia is an intense fear or hatred of wine.
Global warming may redefine wine growing in the future. Even tiny temperature changes can dramatically change the quality of wine.
Bubbles in wine have been observed since ancient Greece and were attributed to the phases of the moon or to evil spirits.
Traditionally, wine was never stored standing up. Keeping the wine on its side kept the wine in contact with the cork, thereby preventing the cork from drying, shrinking, and letting in air. However, wine can be stored vertically if the bottle has an artificial cork.
Not all wines improve with time. In fact, a vast majority of wines produced are ready to drink and do not have much potential for ageing. Only a rare few will last longer than a decade.
There is a right and wrong way to hold a wine glass. Wine glasses should always be held by the stem and not the bowl because the heat of the hand will raise the temperature of the wine.
It is traditional to first serve lighter wines and then move to heavier wines throughout a meal. Additionally, white wine should be served before red, younger wine before older, and dry wine before sweet.
Richer, heavier foods usually go well with richer, heavier wines; lighter foods demand light wines. Additionally, red wine typically is served with red meat, white wine with white meat and fish, and sweet wine with desserts.
A “cork-tease” is someone who constantly talks about the wine he or she will open but never does.
An Italian study argues that women who drink two glasses of wine a day have better sex than those who don’t drink at all.
With age, red wines tend to lose color and will eventually end up a sort of brick red. On the other hand, white wines gain color, becoming golden and eventually brown-yellow.
Examples of 'Corked' WIne Corks:
How to hold a wine glass:
STORAGE:
Storage is an important consideration for wine that is being kept for long term ageing. While most wine is consumed within 24 hours of purchase, fine wines are often set aside for long-term storage. Wine is one of the few commodities that can improve with age but it can also rapidly deteriorate if kept in inadequate conditions. The three factors that have the most direct impact on a wine's condition are light, humidity and temperature. Historically the storage of wine was handled by wine merchants but since the mid-20th century consumers have been increasingly storing their own wine in home-based wine cellars.
Light:
Strong, direct sunlight or incandescent light can adversely react with phenolic compounds in wine and create potential wine faults Delicate, light-bodied white wines run the greatest risk from light exposure and are often packaged in darkly tinted wine bottles that offer some protection from the light. Wines packaged in clear, light green and blue coloured bottles are the most vulnerable to light and may need extra precautions for storage.
Humidity:
Some degree of humidity is required in order to keep wines with cork enclosures from drying out. Even when wine bottles are stored on their sides, one side of the cork is still exposed to air. If the cork begins to dry out, it can allow oxygen to enter the bottle, filling the ullage space and possibly causing the wine to spoil or oxidise. Excessive humidity can also pose the risk of damaging wine labels, which may hinder identification or hurt potential resale value.
Temperature:
Wine is very susceptible to changes in temperature, with temperature control being an important consideration in wine storage. If the wine is exposed to too high a temperature (in excess of 77 °F (25 °C)) for long periods of time, it may become spoilt or "cooked" and develop off flavours that taste raisiny or stewed. The exact length of time that a wine is at risk of exposure to high temperatures will vary depending on the wine, with some wines (such as Madeira which is exposed to high temperatures during its winemaking) being able to sustain exposure to high temperatures more easily than other, more delicate wines (such as Riesling). If the wine is exposed to temperatures that are too cold, the wine can freeze and expand, causing the cork to be pushed out; this will allow more oxygen to be exposed to the wine.
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Wine stored in Barrels:
The effects of barrel ageing can be summarised as follows. Wines stored in newer barrels develop desirable flavors and undergo slow oxidative aging. These wines also become darker in color, and wines develop more concentrated flavors because of the loss of liquids. Consequently, barrel aging contributes more than simple vanillin flavor changes. Home winemakers often add oak chips to wine stored in glass carboys. The chips add the spicy, vanillin taste and some color changes, but glass carboys do not concentrate flavors or provide the oxidative aging. An inexpensive way for home winemakers to simulate barrel aging is to add oak chips to wine stored in older, inert barrels. Wineries replace their barrels periodically, and clean, older barrels can often be purchased for less than $50. Here, the added oak chips provide the spicy flavors and added color, and the older barrels provide the slow oxidative aging and the important flavor concentration.
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WINE TASTING:
Wine tasting is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine. While the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production, a more formalized methodology has slowly become established from the 14th century onwards. Modern, professional wine tasters use a constantly evolving formal terminology which is used to describe the range of perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a wine. More informal, recreational tasting may use similar terminology, usually involving a much less analytical process for a more general, personal appreciation.
When tasting wine, hold the wine in the mouth for a moment or two and then either swallow it or, preferably, spit it out, usually into a spittoon. A really good wine will have a long aftertaste, while an inferior wine will have a short aftertaste.
Vertical
and horizontal wine tastings are
wine tasting events that are arranged to highlight differences between similar
wines.
In a vertical tasting,
different vintages of the same wine type from the same winery are tasted. This
emphasises differences between various vintages.
In a horizontal
tasting, the wines are all from the same vintage but are from
different wineries. Keeping wine variety or type and wine region the same
helps emphasise differences in winery styles.
To ensure impartial judgment of a wine, it should be served blind — that is, without the taster(s) having seen the label or bottle shape. Blind tasting may also involve serving the wine from a black wine glass to mask the colour of the wine. A taster's judgment can be prejudiced by knowing details of a wine, such as geographic origin, price, reputation, colour, or other considerations.
RELIGION:
Judaism
Wine has always been an important aspect of the Jewish religion. There are laws governing the process of wine making, from their crushing to the sealing of the bottle. Wine, for Jews, must be kosher, which means it must not be touched by a “Gentile” and must contain only kosher ingredients. In ancient times, wine was used by idolaters in rituals, which brought about the necessity for a kosher wine. Kosher wine has many restrictions on its creation and use, in order for it to remain kosher. In the Jewish culture, wine has importance because of the role it plays in almost every holiday and religious service. The Sabbath is a weekly observance, and on the Sabbath, the Kiddush is said over the wine, a special prayer specifically for wine. Wine is thus an integrated part into the weekly life of a Jew, and has tremendous significance in many every day aspects of Jewish life. In this manner, wine is introduced to Jewish children at a young age, and becomes normalised as part of life. It is for this reason, that some note that in contemporary times, the Jewish population of the United States has fewer drinking problems than many other cultural and religious groups.
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Christianity:
Although Christianity takes it roots from Judaism, the main importance of wine comes from the use of wine in Jesus’ last supper, which was actually a Jewish Seder. In this manner, wine represents a covenant with God through the blood of Jesus, represented by the wine. This is actually where many religious debates take place among the sects of Christianity, whether or not the wine is a representation of or actually turns into Jesus’ blood during communion. Here is not the place to discuss this argument, but rather to relate that in either case, wine is important in the Christian religion, to a similar extent as in the Jewish religion. However, there are key differences as different Christian groups value certain limitations that others do not. This provides conflict within the religion in terms of the use of wine because some sects believe in an ascetic approach to religion, which limits the use of pleasurable items in its practice, including wine. It is difficult to summarise the importance of wine in Christianity; however, it is easy to note that among different groups it takes on differing levels of importance. Some take wine as a common aspect of religious life, while other shun it as a means of self-indulgence that should not be allowed. In either case, wine has less social acceptability within the Christian religion than it does in the Jewish religion.
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Islam
Islam takes an entirely different approach to wine, as noted in the Koran, “Satan seeks to stir up enmity and hatred among you by means of wine and gambling, and to keep you from remembrance of Allah and from your prayers. Will you not abstain from them?” (The Koran, Sura 5:91). In Islam, wine is seen as a bringer of joy, but that its power of destruction is even greater and one must not overindulge in it. Later on in the Koran, Mohammad notes the joys of wine, and thus there is moderate disagreement over the correct interpretation of the Koran. Today, the general idea is that the Koran prohibits the imbibing of alcohol. However, there are modern day examples of cultures not following these rules, as is the case in Iran, which ranks sixth in the world for vineyard acreage. Wine is thusly not a major staple in Islam, but is occasionally noted in certain situations.
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Wine and bread being given at Communion
Wine and Graphic Design - Packaging.
Billions of bottles of wine are sold every year and this requires them to be labeled and packaged. This is one of the main areas I find so interesting and inspiring. There is such a vast array of packaging design for wine.
The evidence is never ending. This is why I chose to do wine as my final subject. It is something that I drink regularly and enjoy. It has been all around me since I can remember as my parents are big wine drinkers and it is something I would like to know more about. Now I do know a lot more than I did due to this research. I have found all of the initial research thoroughly interesting and learnt a lot that I never knew.
Not only am I interested in all of its background and facts, the packaging and graphic design side to wine is something that I simply love and would be ecstatic to design in the future.
Presentation Feedback:
Laura:
- explored a wide variety of research.
- the terminology is something you could perhaps transform if we get a design brief
- perhaps look for infographics linking to wine
- use images
- could make comparisons between packaging from different countries
Ellen:
- relevant to your own interests
- very informative
- you are passionate about it
- make more visual
- more focussed rather than broad
Laura:
- very interesting to find out about wine
- very well researched - lots of facts and figures
Leo:
- your favourite wine?
- differences between red and white wine?
- in depth lots of good facts
Kirsty:
- great facts on wine - in depth research
- maybe talk more about design for wine bottles, storage and packaging
Sam:
- interesting information and large amount of it
- use less text on presentation, make it more visual
- like the use of wine icons
Anna:
- a lot of context on the subject
- interesting and unusual facts
- perhaps include more emphasis on the design and packaging of wine
Useful -
- areas I could research more for example infographics in wine, comparisons of packaging between different counries
- what was interesting / what wasn't figures less interesting than some of the facts
- use less text on presentation
- to know that my interest for my subject showed
- explore more into the graphic design aspect - so packaging etc relate it more to what I do
- what's my favourite wine? make it more personal maybe
Not useful -
- some general comments for example - lots of depth or interesting to learn about wine - what interested you? more specific comments tend to be more useful
After the presentation and crit and discussing it as a whole we were asked to think of 3 objectives to improve our summer brief.
1. research more into the graphic design side of wine
2. do more primary research - talk to Marcus (wine merchant)
3. explore my own opinions on wine. What's my favourite? (opinions rather than facts)
Just while I was thinking about more research I could do I was looking on pinterest and found a few bits of infographics and wine posters that display varying information about wine which I thought were quite interesting.
I decided to go to the library at college and see if they had any good books on wine. I found this:
Wine and Design by TeNeues
Chapter 1: Drinking wine
- The new international acclaim on intense interest in wine over recent years have produced a new generation of wine bars and wine restaurants.
- modern wine bars are refined, cool, and perfectly styled. Rather than the old, traditional idea of wooden tables and dark taverns.
Eppstadt Design: YYZ Restaurant & Wine Bar, Toronto, Canada:
Tihany Design: Le Cirque, New York, USA:
Aukett Fitzroy Robinson / Speris and Major Associates - The White Tower Bar, London, UK:
Vienna's Design Hotel Rathaus: Wine is the defining theme of the interiors.
The Loisium was created at Langenlois. Austria's largest wine venue.
Chapter 2: Growing Wine
- Diverse geological and climactic conditions result in unique cultivated landscapes for growing wine on estates each with their own charm.
- depending on soil types, hanging position, and method of cultivation, characteristic vineyard landscapes created all over the world.
- it is common for the wineries' storage to be on site, while their architecture contributes to shaping the scenery.
Santiafe Calatrava - Bodegas Ysios, Laguardia, Rioja, Spain:
Studio Cecchetto - Citadella del Vino, Cantine Mezzacorona, Trentino, Italy:
- This is one of Italy's oldest wine-producing cooperatives. The cite includes administrative offices as well as an auditorium and its modern industrial appearance creates an exciting contrast to the stunning scenery.
Craggy Range, Gimblett Gravels Vineyard, Havelock North, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand:
Architecture Workshop - Peregrine, Queenstown, Central Otago, New Zealand:
Chapter 3: Producing Wine:
- wine is a natural product whose unique characteristics are intimately connected with region climahe and soil quality.
- But wine is also a cultivated product that undergoes an elaborate and, in part, technically complex production process, in order to guarantee a persistently high quality.
- the process involves destalking, crushing the grapes to a pulp, pressing, fermenting and the final stage of ageing the win in wooden barrels or steel tanks.
- however some wineries consciously turn their back on tradition to stage the techno-chic.
Fermentation Tanks - Jackson-Triggs Winery, Canada:
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Fermentation Cellar - Bogedas Baigorri, Spain:
Barrel Cellar - Bodega Otazu, Navarra, Spain:
Chapter 4: Tasting Wine
- A growing desire of many wine lovers is to learn about production and provenance of their favourite vintage by tasting and selecting wine on-site at the winery.
- Many wine growers set up unique tasting rooms where sampling wines becomes the ultimate sensory experience.
Weingut Ploder Rosenberg - Thaler Thaler Architecture, St Peter a.O. Steinmark, Austria:
Weingut Sattlerhof, Albertoni Architecture Design - Steiermark, Austria:
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Chapter 5: Presenting wine
- the role of bottle and label design cannot be overrated when promoting a wines image.
- a wine label displays a vital list of information about its provenance, vintage, grape variety, or alcohol content.
- Above all, the labels design is a chance to tie a winery's elevated quality and style directly to the retail product and to market these to the customer.
- typical features include coat of arms or landscape images as introduced by the early 19th Century Lithographs.
- however more recently new techniques have been adopted, many wineries have re-adjusted their labelling typography and imagery to the visual conventions and expectations of a modern, international clientele.
ICON design group / Jeffrey Caldewey - Joseph Phelps Vineyards, St Helena, USA
ICON design group / Jeffrey Caldewey - Chalk Hill Estate, USA
Michael Osborne Design - Jaz Vineyards, California, USA
Wine Furniture:
Chardonnay Chandelier - Jay Blazek
Carbernet Couch - Jay Blazek
Rhine Reading Lamp - Jay Blazek
Alessandri Design - Nieport
Andreas Burghardt - Wiengut Fred Loimer
Stefan Wassak - Weingut Heinrich
Chapter 6: Enjoying Wine
- to take maximum pleasure from wine, a number of essential factors have to be met.
- The choice of glass ware can enhance the taste and volume of vintage wines in particular the wrong type of wine glass can ruin the complexity of the bouquet
- wine temperature
- corkscrews / vacuum sealers
MENU - Digital Wine Termometer:
Built NY, One Bottle Tote:
Metrokane - Rabbit Cork Screw
Screwpull / le Creuset - Metal Activ Ball Cork Screw
Cilio - Elegance Decanter
Riedel Glas - Cornetto Magnum Black
Blomus - Pavo Decanting Funnel
Rosendahl - Grand Cru Drop Ring
Troika - Wine Tie
